(a) The main causative factor of non-seasonal rainfall is climate change.

→ Because climate change disturbs the natural weather pattern and increases the amount of moisture and temperature in the atmosphere, which results in irregular or non-seasonal rainfall.

(b) Sea level rises due to climate change.

→ Because the rise in global temperature causes glaciers and polar ice caps to melt, and thermal expansion of sea water occurs, leading to a rise in sea level.

(c) Climate change also causes the extinction of animals.

→ Because changes in temperature, rainfall and habitat destroy the natural environment of many species, making it difficult for them to survive and leading to extinction.

(d) Endangered animals can be protected by conserving their natural habitat.

→ Because their natural habitat is protected, they get proper food, shelter and breeding conditions necessary for survival and reproduction.

(e) The use of medicinal plants is beneficial for human health.

→ Because medicinal plants contain natural chemical compounds that help prevent and cure various disease without harmful side effects.

(f) Tulsi is called a life-giving plant.

→ Because Tulsi has many medicinal properties, it helps to cure cough, cold, fever and improves immunity and overall health.

(g) Neem is a multipurpose medicinal plant.

→ Because almost all parts of Neem are used in medicine, toothpaste, soaps, and pesticides and anti fungal properties.

(h) Yarsagumba is used as an energy-booster herbal medicine.

→ Because Yarsagumba contains natural compounds that increase stamina, strength and energy and is traditionally used as a tonic for vitality.

(a) What is climate change?

→ Climate change is the long-term alteration in temperature, rainfalls, wind pattern and other elements of the Earth’s climate system mainly caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.

(b) Write the main reasons for climate change.

→ The main reasons for climate change are:-

• Excessive use of fossil fuels.
• Deforestation and destruction of natural vegetation.
• Industrial pollution and emission of green-house gases.
• Rapid urbanization and population growth.

(c) Describe the effects of climate change.

→ The major effects are:-

(d) What type of animals are called rare animals?

→ The animals whose number is very small and are in danger of extinction are called rare animals. Example:- one-horned rhinoceros, red panda and snow leopard.

(e) What measures can be adopted to protect rare animals?

→ The measures to protect rare animals are:-

• Conservation of their natural habitats.
• Control of illegal hunting and poaching.
• Establishment of national parks and wildlife resources.
• Public awareness program about wildlife conservation.
• Legal protection and strict punishment for wildlife crimes.

(f) Many plants are being extinct in Nepal due to climate change. What role you play to protect such plants? Describe in brief.

→ The role that I can play to protect such plants:-

• Planting and protecting trees and medicinal herbs.
• Avoiding the destruction of forests and grasslands.
• Spreading awareness about the importance of plants.
• Supporting community forest programs.
• Helping to control pollution and global warming.

(g) In order to protect and promote the medicinal herbs found in Nepal, it is essential to train the local people on the processing of herbs and their use. Explain your opinions.

→ To protect and promote the medicinal herbs found in Nepal, training local people on the processing of herbs and use is essential because:-

• In enhance the knowledge of local people.

(h) By protecting Yarsagumba and increasing its production, the economy of the country can also improve. Explain this statement.

→ Yarsagumba is a valuable herbal medicine that is good at a high price in international markets. By conserving and properly managing its collection and production, Nepal can export it and earn foreign currency. This helps to improve the living standard of local people and contributes to the national economy.

(j) Analyze the differences between part A and part B by observing the picture.

→ Part A:

Shows a clean and green environment with healthy trees, fresh air and a balanced ecosystem.

Part B:

Shows a polluted environment with smoke, deforestation and excessive heat due to human activities.

Differences:

Part A represents a balanced, natural environment before climate change. In it a life can exist easily. It is favourable for growing plants.

Part B represents a polluted and degraded environment after climate change caused by industrialization and deforestation. In it a life can’t exist. It is unfavourable for growing plants.

(k) Look at the picture thoroughly and explain its role in climate change.

→ The picture shows how human activities such as deforestation, industrial pollution and excessive use of fossil fuels contribute to global warming and climate change. These activities increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, trap more heat and cause temperature rise, melting of ice and irregular rainfall patterns.

(l) The one-horned rhinoceros is on the verge of extinction. What can be done to protect it?

→ They are:-

• Protect its natural habitat.
• Control illegal hunting and poaching.
• Establish and manage wildlife resources and national park.
• Raise public awareness about the importance of wildlife.
• Implement strict laws and punishment against poachers.

(m) We can find different types of medicinal herbs in our locality. But we depend on others for the treatment of common diseases. Explain what can be done for maximize the use of local medicinal herbs.

→ To maximize the use of local medicinal herbs:

• Educate and train local people about the identification and use of herbs.
• Encourage research on medicinal properties of local plants.
• Promote herbal medicine industries.
• Raise awareness about the benefits of herbal treatment.
• Include herbal knowledge in school education and community program.