Traditional Marriage Customs around the World | Unit 6 | English

A. Find the words from the text which have the following meanings.

…rituals…-a set of actions performed regularly

…offspring….-a person’s child or children

…symbolizes…..- something that stands for something else

….review…..- assess something to help improve it

…..rescue….- save someone from a dangerous situation

B. Answer these questions.

Why did ancient people start the marriage ritual?

Ancient people started the marriage ritual to secure a safe environment for having offspring and passing on their property.

What are the two pre-wedding ceremonies in India?

The two pre-wedding ceremonies in India are the engagement ceremony and the Mehendi ceremony.

What is sake?

Sake is a Japanese alcoholic drink made from rice.

Why is a community important during a wedding ceremony in Jamaica?

The community is important during the wedding ceremony in Jamaica because everyone in the village comes together to help plan the wedding and participate in the celebration, making it a collective and inclusive event.

Who reviews the bride’s looks in Jamaica?

In Jamaica, the entire community goes out in the street to see the bride and review how she looks.

Why do you think Welsh wedding traditions seem strange?

Welsh wedding traditions seem strange due to customs like gifting a carved wooden spoon to the bride and the tradition of brides being “kidnapped” by their families before the wedding, requiring the groom and his family to rescue her.

C. Match the paragraphs with their correct headings.

Paragraph 1- Introduction to Marriage

Paragraph 2- Indian Wedding

Paragraph 3- Japanese Wedding

Paragraph 4- Jamaican Wedding

Paragraph 5- Welsh Wedding

D. Which of the wedding cultures discussed in the text you liked the most? Give reasons.

The Indian wedding tradition is widely acknowledged for its intricate and dynamic ceremonies, renowned for their elaborate nature and extensive duration spanning multiple days. The inclusion of diverse rituals, such as the engagement ceremony, Mehendi ceremony, and the ritual exchange of garlands, bestows a profound sense of significance and profundity upon the matrimonial festivities. Vocal and choreographed performances form integral components of Indian weddings, with live musical accompaniment and captivating displays of vibrant artistry infusing the occasion with exuberance and merriment.

Grammar I

A. Read the following sentences. Place them in the correct column with similar structures.

My teacher lets/has/ makes us correct our mistakes ourselves.

It lets them live together.

Several cakes are brought, and the family has the bride serve them.

I got my friend to help me in my assignment.

The groom must bribe them in order to get his shoes returned.

As a symbol of the union, the family gets them to drink sake.

We had/got our room swept.

The bride gets her palms, wrists, and feet decorated for the wedding.

Japanese brides have their costumes changed several times.

B. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.

Ruksar is having the mechanic….service….her scooter.(service)

Teachers made us ..take… extra-classes in the evening.(take)

I let them ..open… their windows. (open)

Ahamad always gets his parents …to buy.. an expensive gift on his birthday. (buy)

Samrat had his bedroom ….cleaned…(clean)

How can we get people….to… clean…….. surroundings? (clean)

Shyanden got his hair…cut….yesterday. (cut)

Do your parents get you…to do….the household chores? (do)

Our teachers let us …play… football after 4:00. (play)

Did you get your shirt ….washed….yesterday? (wash)

C. Rewrite the following sentences starting with the given words as subjects. Use the causative verbs in brackets.

Indra ordered Kamini to book tickets.

Indra made Kamini book tickets.

Somebody washed my clothes yesterday.

I got somebody to wash my clothes yesterday.

Hamid used his mother’s mobile phone.

Hamid’s mother let him use her mobile phone.

Did a painter paint your house?

Did you have a painter paint your house?

Kripa goes to school on her mother’s scooter.

Kripa’s mother lets her go to school on her scooter.

The boy types my documents.

I get my documents typed.

The police told the prisoners to raise their hands.

The police made the prisoners raise their hands.

The lady hired a mechanic to mend her car.

The lady had her car mended. or The lady had a mechanic mend her car.

Writing I

How do people celebrate wedding ceremonies in your culture? Write a short description.

Nepalese Weddings

Nepalese matrimonial ceremonies are characterized by exuberant and chromatic festivities that unite families, friends, and the broader community. These celebratory events span several days and encompass a diverse array of traditional rituals and customs. Commencing with the engagement ceremony and culminating in the grand wedding day, each juncture is brimming with melodious melodies, lively dances, resplendent attire, and profound jubilation. The intricate Mehendi designs adorning the bride’s hands, the grand Baraat procession led by the groom, and the sacred Vivaha ceremony accompanied by its ceremonial practices all contribute to the cultural opulence and symbolic significance inherent in Nepalese wedding traditions. Such weddings encapsulate not only the union between two individuals, but also the convergence of families and the commemoration of love, harmony, and ancestral heritage.

Unit – 6.1

Life Saving Inventions

A. Find the words/phrases from the text for the following meanings.

Replace – change for a new one

Deliver – hand over goods to the proper recipients

Invented – undertook a scientific procedure to make a discovery

Experimented – a thing or an idea that has been created

Injuries – harms done to a person’s body

Passes through – goes through

B. Write whether the following statements are True or False. If the information is not given, write NG.

Women in Africa walked for a long time to fetch water for their homes. – True

With the hippo-roller, people can carry more water than with a normal bucket. – True

LifeStraw is made of paddy straw. – False

LifeStraw never stops working.- False

Japanese technology was used in those three inventions.- False

Coca-Cola company worked with Simon Berry to design AidPod.- Not Given (NG)

AidPod has been used successfully in many different countries. – False

C. Answer these questions.

Why was life tough with traditional plastic buckets?

Life was tough with traditional plastic buckets because they were very heavy, often causing back and neck injuries.

Who made the lives of African women easier?

Pettie Petzer and Johan Jonker, the engineers who designed the hippo-rollers, made the lives of African women easier.

How does LifeStraw work?

LifeStraw works by using a long thin plastic tube that cleans the water as it passes through it into somebody’s mouth, allowing people to drink dirty water without getting ill.

Where was LifeStraw used during disasters?

LifeStraw was used during disasters such as the Haiti earthquake, and floods in Pakistan and Thailand.

What made Simon Berry design the AidPod?

Simon Berry designed the AidPod because he noticed that people in remote villages in Zambia could buy Coca-Cola, but they had no access to medicines. He wanted to bring medicines when delivering Coca-Cola to those villages.

If his plan works well, what does Simon Berry hope to achieve?

If his plan works, Simon Berry hopes to do the same thing in other African countries and save thousands of lives by distributing AidPods with medicines alongside Coca-Cola deliveries.

D. Which of the inventions mentioned above do you think is the most relevant in your locality? Talk to your friends. Give reasons.

I think hippo-rollers are the most relevant in our locality. They can be particularly relevant in our areas where access to clean water is a challenge or where people have to travel long distances to fetch water. Women and children often bear the responsibility of collecting water, which can be physically demanding and time-consuming.

Grammar II

A. Do the verbs in the following sentences match with the subjects? Tick (✔) the correct sentences and cross (X) the incorrect ones.

i. The students attend the language course. (✔)

The students attends the language course.(X)

i. Aayusha and her friend decorates her classroom.(X)

Aayusha and her friend decorate her classroom.(✔)

i. Either my brother or my father do not let us come to the meeting.(X)

Either my brother or my father does not let us come the meeting.(✔)

i. Has Utsav with his friends made preparation for the programme?(✔)

Have Utsav with his friends made preparation for the programme?(X)

i. The story in a movie, including all the songs, attracts audiences’ attention.(✔)

The story in a movie, including all the songs, attract audiences’ attention.(X)

i. They were made dance at the party.(X)

They were made to dance at the party.(✔)

B. Choose the correct option from the brackets to complete the following sentences.

Writing an email ….needs…(needs/need) a lot of care.

Two plus three ….makes… (make/makes) five.

Mr. Karki and Mr. Mandal….were…..(was/were) studying mathematics together last evening.

Five years ….pass…..(pass/passes) too early.

Either the child or the parents ….need….(need/needs) to come to receive the prize.

…Were….(Was/Were) the scissors working properly?

The director and the actor never …go…..(go/goes) late for the shooting.

A team of players …receives….(receive/receives) medals.

Both of them …have….(has/have) returned home late.

Jina …does.. not.like…(do not like/does not like) tea.

Writing II

Read the given paragraph carefully and paraphrase it as in the example.

A dog is a domestic animal often kept as a pet. It has a keen sense of smell and is used for a variety of tasks, such as hunting, search and rescue. Dogs come in a wide range of sizes and breeds, each with their unique characteristics and abilities. They are known for their loyalty and obedience to their owners and are often considered to be members of the family. Training and proper care are essential for dogs to live a happy and healthy life.

Paraphrased Text

The dog, a domesticated animal, is commonly kept as a pet. Possessing a keen olfactory sense, it serves diverse purposes, including hunting and search and rescue operations. Dogs exhibit a wide range of sizes and breeds, each possessing distinct characteristics and abilities. Renowned for their loyalty and obedience to their human companions, dogs are regarded as integral members of the household. The provision of training and attentive care is crucial to ensuring the well-being and contentment of these animals throughout their lifespan