Sir Isaac Newton  | Unit 11 | English

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

a. apology – x. saying sorry

b. absent-minded- i. forgetful

c. couch- ix. sofa

d. curved- viii. a bent line; not a straight line

e. dull- vii. lacking interest or excitement

f. gravity- v. the force of attraction

g. host- iv. a person who receives other people as guests

h. interrupted-iii. made something discontinue

i. puzzled- ii. unable to understand; confused

j. wonder- vi. a feeling of amazement and admiration

B. Choose the correct words/phrases from the box to complete the following sentences.

[gravitation, absent-mindedness, interrupted, couch, telescopes, curved, dull, hosted, tired of]

a. The construction work got …interrupted.. because of the heavy rain.

b. Newton used curved mirrors in..telescopes… instead of lenses.

c. My grandmother keeps forgetting things. She is suffering from …absent-mindedness…

d. Anisha came into my room and sat on the …..couch….

e. Please draw a ..curved… line on the white board, not a straight one.

f. Particles are attracted to each other by …….gravitation…..

g. Newton was a ..dull….boy in his childhood.

h. My friend ….hosted…a birthday party yesterday.

i. I got ….tired…of… working the whole day. I want to rest for some time.

B. Read the text again and write whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Sir Isaac Newton’s father was a lawyer. – False

b. Newton received his father’s affection during his childhood. – False

c. In the beginning, Newton was not good at his studies. – True

d. The fallen apple helped Newton develop the theory of gravitation. – True

e. Newton’s mind always remained full of problems and thoughts. – True

f. He lived with his wife and children in his later years. – False

C. Answer these questions.

A. How was Newton in his studies in his early life?

In his early life, Newton was not good at his studies. He was considered a dull boy.

B. Which subjects did Newton study at Cambridge University?

Newton studied mathematics and science at Cambridge University.

C. What changes did Newton make to telescopes?

Newton made changes to telescopes by using curved mirrors instead of lenses. This gave better results in some ways.

D. Why do you think Newton forgot his food and friends at times?

I think Newton forgot his food and friends at times because he was always thinking about his work. He was a very intelligent man and he was always trying to solve problems. He was so focused on his work that he sometimes forgot about the things that were happening around him.

E. Find some other discoveries Newton has made.

Here are some other discoveries that Newton made:

The laws of motion: Newton’s three laws of motion are the foundation of classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.

The theory of gravitation: Newton’s theory of gravitation describes the force that attracts all objects in the universe to each other. Calculus is a powerful mathematical tool that is used in many different fields, including physics, engineering, and economics.

The composition of white light: Newton discovered that white light is actually a mixture of all the colours of the rainbow.

The reflecting telescope: Newton invented the reflecting telescope, which uses curved mirrors to collect light. Reflecting telescopes are more powerful than refracting telescopes, which use lenses to collect light.

Grammar I

A. Complete the following sentences with the correct relative pronouns — who, where, whose, which, that, and when.

The couple…who..live next door has six grandchildren.

The house, …which… is painted in red, is mine.

The woman house….which… was broken into called the police.

The car …..which…. my uncle bought is quite comfortable.

This is the school ..where..I study now.

This is the place…where..I was born and brought up.

My uncle,…who… is in the army came to see us.

We have a friend…who..plays the Madal well.

Is there anything, …which..I can do to help you?

She remembered the day ..when…. she met her husband for the first time.

B. Join the following pairs of sentences using suitable relative pronouns.

We know the woman. She donated this money.

We know the woman who donated this money.

We walked past my old school. It is celebrating its 50th anniversary this month.

We walked past my old school which is celebrating its 50th anniversary this month.

I met the woman yesterday. I had helped her last month.

I met the woman yesterday whom I had helped last month.

A new headteacher is going to be appointed next month. It is good.

A new headteacher is going to be appointed next month which is good.

Bring me the file. The file is on the table.

Bring me the file which is on the table.

This is the player. The committee appointed him the captain.

This the player whom the committee appointed the captain.

We met a girl. The girl has lost her way.

We met a girl who has lost her way.

This is the house. Naresh built it.

This is the house which Naresh built.

Mandy is the girl. I am using her car today.

Mandy is the girl whose car I am using today.

Writing I

Study the information below about Pasang Lhamu Sherpa; the first Nepali woman to scale Mt. Everest. Write a short biography of her based on the given information.

Pasang Lhamu Sherpa

Born on December 16, 1961, in Solukhumbu, Nepal, Pasang Lhamu Sherpa hailed from a family deeply rooted in mountaineering. Embracing her passion from a young age, she embarked on her mountain-climbing journey during her teenage years. At the tender age of 17, she ventured to Kathmandu alongside her husband, Lhakpa Sonam Sherpa, and together they established a travel agency.

In 1989, Pasang Lhamu Sherpa embarked on her initial endeavor to conquer Mount Everest, yet despite her utmost efforts, she fell short of reaching the summit. Nonetheless, she triumphed over Mount Pisang (6091m) and Mount Blanc (4848m). Continuing her quest, she made two more attempts on Mount Everest in 1991, scaling heights of 8750m and 8500m on separate occasions.

Finally, on April 22, 1993, Pasang Lhamu Sherpa accomplished her lifelong dream by triumphantly reaching the summit of Mount Everest, etching her name as the first Nepali woman to achieve this feat. Tragically, she succumbed to harsh weather conditions during her descent, at the young age of 31.

Pasang Lhamu Sherpa stands as a revered national hero in Nepal, serving as a beacon of inspiration for women across the globe. In her memory, a highway and a mountain have been dedicated in her honor, while the documentary film “Pasang Lhamu: The First Sherpa Woman on Everest” immortalizes her remarkable story.

Unit- 11.1

Khaptad National Park

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

• pastures – iv. land covered with grass
• biodiversity – iii. the existence of a variety of animals and plants
• aquatic – vi. growing or living in, on, or near water
• confluence – vii. the place where rivers meet and become one
• tranquillity – i. the state of being quiet and peaceful
• documentary – ii. a film or program giving facts about something
• harbour – v. to contain something and allow it to develop
•  

B. Fill in the gaps with correct information from the text.

a. Khaptad National Park comprises…22..patches of grassland.

b. The religious sites in the national park are visited by thousands of …pilgrims… every year.

c. A tourist from Pakistan should have to pay …Rs.500…

d. The highest point of the national park is…Sahashra…Linga… situated at a height of 3,276 meters.

e. Many pilgrims make a holy visit to…Triveni…during Janai Purnima.

C. Answer these questions.

a. What type of forest can be found in Khaptad National Park?

The main flora found in the park are sal, pine, and alder species. The Khaptad plateau is dominated by sub-alpine vegetation. Fir, oak, birch, and rhododendron are the major species here.

b. How have the patents supported local people around the national park?

In summer, the patches of grasslands called patens support local livelihood by offering ample grazing ground for cattle.

c. Where is the Shiva temple?

The Shiva temple is located at the confluence of three rivers, known as Triveni.

d. After whose name is the national park named as Khaptad National Park?

The national park is named after the late Khaptad Swami, a renowned spiritual saint.

e. If anyone is interested in shooting a film in the national park, how much money does he/she have to pay?

The documentary/filming fee for shooting a film in the national park is $1,500 for foreigners, Rs. 50,000 for SAARC Nationals, and Rs. 10,000 for Nepali. An additional 25% should be paid while using drones for documentary/filming.

f. Make a list of the flora and fauna found in the national park.

Flora:

sal, pine, alder, fir, oak, birch, rhododendron, primulas, buttercups, wild berries, and a wide variety of medicinal herbs.

Fauna:

266 bird species (including Dhanphe, flycatcher, bulbul, cuckoo, and eagle), butterflies, Inoths, insects, 23 species of mammals (including barking deer, wild boar, goral, black bear, yellow-throated marten, rhesus and langur monkey, common leopard, wolf, wild dog, jackal, and musk deer).

C. If you visited Khaptad National Park, which thing would you enjoy the most? Why?

If I were to visit Khaptad National Park, one thing I would likely enjoy the most is the serene and peaceful environment. Surrounded by the lush greenery, tranquil grasslands, and breathtaking landscapes, I would find solace and a deep sense of connection with nature. The opportunity to escape from the bustling city life and immerse myself in the calmness of the park would be truly rejuvenating. Whether it’s taking a leisurely stroll through the patans, observing the diverse flora and fauna, or simply sitting by Khaptad Daha and absorbing the stillness, the tranquillity of Khaptad National Park would be a precious gift that allows for reflection, relaxation, and a renewed appreciation for the beauty of the natural world.

Writing II

leaflet

You might have a religious/historical/natural place in your district or locality. Make an attractive leaflet about the place based on the guidelines given below.

Explore Gorkha: The Historical Place

Introduction:

Welcome to Gorkha, a historical destination in Nepal. Get ready for an unforgettable adventure as we take you on a journey through this remarkable region.

Major Attractions:

Gorkha Durbar: Unveil the history of Nepal at the majestic Gorkha Durbar, the ancestral palace of the Shah dynasty and the birthplace of the great King Prithvi Narayan Shah.

Manakamana Temple: Experience spiritual bliss at the renowned Manakamana Temple, perched atop a hill and accessible via a scenic cable car ride.

Gorakhnath Cave: Delve into legends and mythology at Gorakhnath Cave, a sacred site associated with the Guru Gorakhnath. Discover the mystical ambience and embrace the spiritual serenity.

Gorkha Museum: Immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of Gorkha through captivating artefacts and exhibits at the Gorkha Museum. Learn about the region’s art, history, and traditions.

How to Get There:

Gorkha is located approximately 140 kilometers west of Kathmandu. You can reach Gorkha by: Road: Enjoy a scenic drive of around 5-6 hours from Kathmandu. Private vehicles, buses, and taxis are available. Hiking: For adventure enthusiasts, embark on a memorable trek from nearby towns like Besi Sahar or Pokhara to Gorkha, immersing yourself in the beauty of the Himalayan trails.

Provisions and Requirements:

Accommodation: Gorkha offers a range of comfortable accommodations, from cosy guesthouses to luxurious hotels, ensuring a pleasant stay for every traveller.

Safety and Health: It is advisable to carry a basic first aid kit, and insect repellent, and stay hydrated during your visit. Respect local customs and dress modestly when visiting religious sites.

Suitable Time to Visit the Place:

The best time to visit Gorkha is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) seasons. The weather is pleasant, with clear skies and moderate temperatures, allowing you to explore the attractions comfortably.

Get ready to be enchanted by the allure of Gorkha, where history, spirituality, and natural wonders intertwine. Plan your visit now and create unforgettable memories in this extraordinary destination.

D. Write a set of rules to be followed in the place you have selected in exercise A above using the following clues.

[is/are strict, prohibited to, allowed to/supposed to, don’t + infinitive, V-ing ……. is not entertained]

1. It is prohibited to litter or engage in any activity that harms the environment.
2. Visitors are supposed to dress modestly and behave respectfully at cultural sites.
3. Disturbing or harming wildlife is not allowed.
4. Permission must be obtained for photography or filming at religious sites and private properties.
5. Visitors are not supposed to stray from designated trails when trekking or hiking.
6. It is recommended to inform authorities about trekking itineraries for safety purposes.
7. Interacting respectfully with the local community and supporting local businesses is encouraged.
8. Making loud noises or causing disturbances is not allowed.
9. Engaging in unauthorized activities is not entertained and may result in legal consequences.

Grammar II

A. Put ‘a’ ‘an’ or ‘the’ to complete the sentences. Put a cross (X) if an article is not needed.

I’d like to ask you ..a..question now.

It is ..a.. nice day today, isn’t it?

Where is ..the.. tallest statue of Lord Shiva located?

The boys are playing..X.. football in the backyard.

She is ..an.. intelligent girl.

Do you want to go to …the… restaurant where we first met?

My father bought ..a.. new TV set yesterday.

I live in …an… old house which needs to be repaired.

Would you like to have ..a.. piece of cake?

Sharmila can play …the.. guitar well.

We usually have..X.. lunch at 12:30.

B. Put ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ to complete the paragraphs.

You’ve probably learned ‘the’ rule that ‘an’ comes before a vowel, and that ‘a’ comes before ‘a’ consonant. While this is generally true, it is more accurate to say that ‘an’ comes before a vowel sound, and ‘a’ comes before ‘a’ consonant sound. ‘The’ can be used with both singular and plural nouns, with nouns of any gender, and with nouns that start with any letter. ‘The’ is ‘the’ most commonly used word in the English language.

Once upon a time, there was an old farmer. He was honest and helpful. Once, the whole village was affected by famine. People remembered the old farmer. He helped ‘the’ villagers by providing food and shelter. This news reached the king. He invited the old farmer and gave him ‘a golden stick as a gift for his honesty and help to ‘the’ villagers during hard times.