Unit-5 Science & Experiments

5.1 Yes, You Can Boil Water At Room Temperature

A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings.

a. the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level-altitude

b. a group of atoms bonded together-molecule

c. a state in which opposing forces are balanced-equilibrium

d. to change from a gas or vapour to a liquid- condense

e. a piece of unreliable information that is repeated so often that it is accepted as the fact- factoid

f. a space or container from which the air has been removed- vacuum

g. a device that is used to remove blockages from the drain of a basin or tub- plunger

B. Complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases from the text.

a. Water bubbles break down if vapour pressure inside and outside the bubbles is equal.

b. As the altitude goes up, the boiling point of water decreases.

c. Random motion of molecules or particles is called thermal motion.

d. If the door does not open, try pushing the key in the lock.

e. Certain chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.

C. Answer these questions.

a. What is the speed of the water particles compared with?

The speed of the water particles is compared with the height of a group of adult humans.

b. How are bubbles formed in the boiling water?

Bubbles are formed in boiling water when water molecules have enough energy to push back other water molecules in the liquid phase.

c. Mention two things on which external pressure depends.

External pressure depends on the depth of water and the density of water.

d. How is the atmosphere related to the pressure of water?

The atmosphere is related to the pressure of water as it contributes to the total pressure on the surface of the liquid. The atmosphere pushes down on the surface of the liquid, which increases the pressure in the liquid. So, the pressure of water is affected by both the atmospheric pressure and the pressure exerted by the water itself.

e. What would happen if the atmospheric pressure on the liquid water was decreased?

If the atmospheric pressure on the liquid water was decreased, it would also decrease the pressure in the liquid. If the pressure is reduced enough to bring it down to the same level as the vapor pressure, the water particles will have enough energy to form boiling bubbles without needing to increase the temperature.

f. What would the experimenter gain if s/he pulled the plunger out?

If the experimenter pulls the plunger out, it would decrease the pressure in the liquid and induce boiling.

D. What would happen on the Earth if there were no gravity? 

If there were no gravity on Earth, all objects would float in space, and there would be no force to hold objects to the ground. People and objects would be weightless and would float unless they were anchored down. The atmosphere would disperse and the oceans would float into space. Life as we know it would be impossible without gravity.

Grammar I

A. Match the clauses with their appropriate continuation.

a. If you go to Taplejung -iii. you can see the Pathibhara temple.

b. You will get well soon- i. if you follow the doctor’s advice.

c. The horse won’t kick you -ii. unless you go behind it.

d. If I were you -vi. I would see a doctor.

e. What happens -iv. if you heat water?

f. I would miss the bus- v. if I did not reach the bus stop on time.

g. Provided that they discussed properly -vii. they won’t have misunderstanding.

h. As long as they communicate well- viii. the problem might be solved.

B. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of verbs in brackets.

a. If it is cold, I will wear a coat.

b. If Purna helps with the housework, his mother will have more time for him.

c. If I were a bird, I would make a good observation of the land below.

d. If I went to Mustang, I would visit Muktinath.

e. If I were a billionaire, I would buy a castle.

f. You’d save petrol if you drove more carefully.

g. Say ‘hello’ if you see her.

h. Provided that you consent, I will take a few days’ leave next week.

i. Take care of the pence, the pounds will take care of themselves.

Writing I

Write stepwise instructions to draw a jellyfish as given below. You may use the following words and phrases.

[circle, lines, semi-straight, creaky, on top of, above, below]

How to Draw a Jellyfish

– Begin by drawing a circle for the jellyfish’s head.

– Draw a line extending downwards from the bottom of the circle for the jellyfish’s body.

– Next, draw several semi-straight lines extending downwards from the body. These lines will represent the jellyfish’s tentacles.

– Add some creaky curves to the tentacles to make them look more natural.

– On top of the jellyfish’s head, draw two large, circular eyes with small dots in the centre for pupils.

– Draw a small smile below the eyes to give the jellyfish a friendly expression.

– Finally, add some shading or color to your drawing to make it stand out. Consider adding some light blue above the jellyfish and darker blue below to give the impression of water.

Congratulations, you have successfully drawn a jellyfish!

5.2  The Voice Of The Rain

A. Match the words with their meanings.

a. eternal – vii. never-ending

b. impalpable – v. not easily understood

c. vaguely – ii. unclearly

d. descend- i. come down

e. lave- vi. to pour out as water

f. atomizes- iii. indivisible particles

g. reck- iv. to take care of

B. Fill in the blanks by choosing the words given below.

[impalpable, recks, globe, drought, beautify, latent]

a. The river ran dry during the drought

b. It is still impalpable to understand how the earth originated.

c. The company produces a wide variety of make-up and skin care products designed to gently and effectively beautify human skin.

d. His greatest ambition is to sail around the globe

e. Without training, his musical talent remained latent

f. What  recks it whether they win or lose?

C. Complete the summary of the poem using suitable words or phrases given below.

[quenches, rhythm, mysterious, heal, atomies, condensation, ascends, showers, originality]

The poem is a conversation between the poet and the rain. When the poet asks about the identity of the drizzle, she replies that she is the poem of the Earth. The rain expresses that it gives happiness to Mother Earth.

The rain is a perpetual process which has different forms at different times. It rises from the land as water vapour and ascends high up to the sky. It takes the form of clouds. Though it changes its form or shape, its originality remains unchanged. It shows that nature is not fully understood. Some parts of it always remain mysterious.

The raindrops pour down from above to wash away atomizes and dust layers. It quenches the thirst of the dry Earth and heals everything that is becoming lifeless. In other words, the showers make the Earth pure and beautiful.

Finally, the poet observes that the life of rain is similar to that of a song. A song also has the power to calm, heal, transform and thrill. In the same way, repeated evaporation and condensation purifies the rain. It beautifies the whole earth as a rhythm does to a poem or a music.

D. Answer the following questions.

a. What are the two voices in the poem? Who do they belong to?

The two voices in the poem are the speaker and the rain. They belong to the earth.

b. How is the cyclical movement of the rain shown in the poem?

The cycling movement of the rain is shown in the poem by describing how it rises from the land and sea as water vapour, ascends into the sky, takes the form of clouds, and then descends back to the earth as rain to wash away dust and quench the thirst of the dry earth.

c. Why are the showers necessary for the Earth?

The showers are necessary for the earth because they provide moisture to plants and animals, wash away dust and pollutants, and help in the purification and beautification of the earth.

d. How are the rain and music similar?

The rain and music are similar as they both have a rhythm and the power to calm, heal, transform, and thrill.

e. How are the clouds formed?

The clouds are formed when water vapor rises from the earth and then cools and condenses into tiny droplets, which then accumulate and form larger droplets that eventually fall to the earth as rain.

f. List the pairs of opposite words in the poem.

rise/descend

rain/draught

day/night

reck’d/unreck’d (recked/unrecked)

C. Why do water and vegetable oil not mix? 

Water and vegetable oil do not mix because they have different chemical properties. Water is polar, while vegetable oil is nonpolar. This means they are unable to form a homogeneous mixture when mixed together, and they separate into two distinct layers.

Grammar II

A. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of verbs in brackets.

a. If Gaurab were the captain, the team … (play) better.

would play

b. I …..(call) you had I known you were in Nepal.

would have called

c. If he … ….(not/come ) to Nepal. he would not have seen Mt. Everest.

didn’t come

d. Had you arrived a bit earlier, you… . . ..(see) Manashi.

would have seen

e. We could slow down global warming if we… ….(reduce) eneray consumption.

reduced

f. If he were to see me, he …….(know) me at once.

would know

g. Were Rijisa in the USA, she… .. . (be) working for a company.

would be

h. How would you feel if someone …..(ask) you for an autograph?

asked

i. What….(you/do) if Keshab had proposed you for marriage?

would you have done

j. If I ……(have) a life jacket, I could certainly swim across the river.

had

B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate clauses.

a. If you don’t leave soon,……

If you don’t leave soon, you will miss your bus.

b. If it rains in winter,……

If it rains in winter, you will feel colder.

c. …… as long as you tell the truth.

You will not get into trouble as long as you tell the truth.

e. A country cannot develop unless ……

A country cannot develop unless it invests in education and infrastructure.

f. …….if they insult you?

What will you do if they insult you?

Writing II

B. Write a letter of complaint to the concerned authority about the unmanaged garbage in your locality. Mention the hazards of unmanaged garbage to public health and suggest some measures to solve the problem.

[Address]

[Datee]

The Mayor,

Lalitpur Metropolitan

Lalitpur, Nepal

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to bring to your attention the unmanaged garbage problem in our locality that has been a persistent issue for several months. The piles of garbage on the streets and in open areas are causing a lot of inconvenience and health hazards for the residents.

Unmanaged garbage is not only an eyesore but also poses a severe threat to public health. The garbage attracts rodents and insects, which can spread diseases like dengue, malaria, and plague. The foul odor emanating from the garbage is causing respiratory problems and nausea among the residents.

Moreover, the garbage blocks the drainage system, which leads to waterlogging during the rainy season. This, in turn, causes a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other disease-carrying pests.

Therefore, I urge the concerned authority to immediately solve this problem. Some measures that can be taken to manage garbage effectively are:

1. Regular garbage collection: The garbage should be collected from households and commercial areas on a regular basis.
2. Segregation of waste: The residents should be encouraged to segregate the waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories.
3. Recycling: The non-biodegradable waste should be recycled to reduce the amount of garbage that ends up in landfills.
4. Public awareness: The residents should be educated on the hazards of unmanaged garbage and the importance of proper waste disposal.

I hope that the concerned authority will take prompt action to manage the garbage in our locality, which will not only improve the living conditions but also promote public health.

Thank you for your attention.

Yours sincerely,

Ramji Acharya