10.1 The First Olympic Games
Exercise of The First Olympic Games
A. Complete the sentences with the words given below.
[exquisite, inherited, underworld, embroidered, stew, decreed, mounted, rejoicing, furious, lush]
a. We are having …..stew…..for lunch today.
b. The demon was sent to the ..underworld…..for his disobedience to the gods.
c. The sleeves of his coat were …embroidered….gold.
d. Smita was absolutely ……furious……..at having been cheated.
e. Her wedding dress was absolutely ….exquisite…
f. The prince….inherited…the kingship after his father’s death.
g. There was a great ….rejoicing…….when the Nepali Football Team won SAFF U-19 championship.
h. The king …..mounted….his horse and rode away from the palace.
i. The government …..decreed….that the following day would be a holiday on the occasion of Eid.
j. It was wonderful to spend a week in the….lush…. countrysida.
B. Write if the following statements are true, false or not given based on the information given in the text.
a. Tantalus‘ father Zeus was also half god and half man. – NG
b. Tantalus wanted to take revenge with the gods. – NG
c. The gods revived Pelops to rule in Elis. – Fasle
d. Princess Hippodamia was impressed with Pelops at first sight. – True
e. Hippodamia wanted to kill the king so that she could inherit the kingdom. – False
f. The Olympic Games were not held for about 1,500 years due to the fear of the earthquake. – False
g. In every Olympic Games the torch is carried from Greece. – True
C. Answer these questions.
a. Who was Tantalus?
➡Tantalus was a figure from ancient Greek mythology who was half-god and half-human. His father was Zeus, the king of the gods.
b. Why were the gods angry with him?
➡ The gods were angry with Tantalus because he decided to kill his son Pelops and serve him as a stew to the gods at a dinner he was hosting.
c. What punishment did gods give Tantalus?
➡ As punishment for his crime, the gods sent Tantalus to the underworld where he was made to stand in water up to his neck forever.
d. What unique qualities did the horses of the king and Pelops have?
➡The horses given to Pelops by the gods were snow-white and could run faster than the wind. The king’s horses were magical and could run faster than lightning.
e. What was the risk of proposing Princess Hippodamia?
➡ The risk of proposing to Princess Hippodamia was that if Pelops lost the chariot race against her father, he would be executed.
f. How did the stable boy help pelops win the race?
➡ The stable boy helped Pelops win the race by replacing the bronze pins that held the wheels of the king’s chariot with pins made of candle wax. When the race began, the wax melted, causing the wheels to fall off and the king’s chariot to crash, allowing Pelops to win.
g. How did the king die?
➡ The king died after the wheels of his chariot flew off during a horse race with Pelops. The wax pins that held the wheels in place had melted in the heat, causing the chariot to crash and the king to be thrown to his death.
h. Why did Pelops and Hippodamia organise a feast?
➡ Pelops and Hippodamia organized a feast to celebrate the victory of Pelops in the chariot race against the old king.
i. How did the events of the feast become the Origin of modern Olympic Games?
The events of the feast became the origin of the modern Olympic Games because Pelops established a tradition of holding athletic competitions in honor of Zeus, which eventually led to the creation of the Olympic Games.
j. How is the Olympic torch lit?
➡ The Olympic torch is lit from the rays of the sun on the Olympic fields in Greece.
D. What is the significance of the Olympic Games in the world today? Discuss.
The Olympic Games have a significant impact on the world today. They bring together people from different countries and cultures in a spirit of friendly competition, promoting international understanding and cooperation. Additionally, the Games inspire millions of people to participate in sports and lead active lives, contributing to physical fitness and healthy lifestyles. The Games also have significant economic and cultural impacts, providing a platform for countries to showcase their cultural heritage and promote tourism. As the Games continue to evolve, their importance in the world will only continue to grow.
Grammar I
A. Complete the text below with the present perfect or present perfect continuous tense of verbs in the brackets.
Kaski, Pokhara 21 August Hi Nima!
Just a quick note from Pokhara. We….have been…. here for two days now. We..have been staying… in a hotel in Lakeside since we arrived. By now, we ..have..already. visited… many places of interest here, I feel really excited to be here.We…….. (not be ) to Sarangkot yet. We plan to go there too. I ….have……always….wished… to go paragliding….have been covincing….. my parents for this. How…have you been spending… your holidays? I guess you ..have been visiting…… your grandparents. Please have a great time. We will have great fun back at school.
With love,
Nirjala
B. Complete the sentences below with the present perfect or resent perfect continuous tense of the verbs given in the brackets.
a. Siddhartha has learned to drive just in ten years.
b. It has been raining all summer. There have been floods and landslides in many places.
Palden: You must have finished the book. I think you have been reading it since last week.
Ricky: No, I haven’t finished it yet. Actually, I started it just yesterday.
d. What have you been cooking for so long?
e. You have promised to help me many times. You really need to help me today..
f. The children have their exams next week. So they have been preparing a lot.
g. The film is really wonderful. Have you watched it yet?
h. Sitaram has been painting his house all day. He has not finished it yet.
i. Finally, they have fixed the leakage in their roof.
j. I am so tired now. I have worked hard lately..
Writing I
A. Read the following paragraph about d popular footballer and answer the questions.
a. Which sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph?
➡ The topic sentence of the paragraph is “English footballer David Beckham became a popular player in the late 1990s.”
b. Are the other sentences related to the topic sentence?
➡ Yes, the other sentences in the paragraph are related to the topic sentence. They provide additional information about Beckham’s popularity, his skills as a player, his leadership qualities, and his achievements.
c. Which sentence condudes the paragraph?
➡ The sentence that concludes the paragraph is “He is still loved by many even after his retirement.”
d. Are the topic and concluding sentences similar or different?
➡ The topic and concluding sentences are different. The topic sentence introduces the main idea of the paragraph, which is Beckham’s popularity, while the concluding sentence summarizes the paragraph by stating that he is still loved by many even after his retirement.
B. Write a similar paragraph about your favourite player. Mark the topic, supporting and concluding sentences in your paragraph.
One of my favourite football players is Lionel Messi. Messi is an Argentine professional footballer who currently plays for Paris Saint-Germain Football Club in France. He rose to fame as a player of Barcelona Football Club in Spain, where he spent most of his career. Messi is widely regarded as one of the greatest football players of all time. He has won numerous awards throughout his career, including seven Ballon d’Or awards given to the best player in the world. Messi is known for his incredible dribbling skills, agility, and accurate finishing ability. He is also a great team player who is able to set up goals for his teammates. Even though Messi has faced several challenges throughout his career, he has remained humble and dedicated to the sport. Messi is loved and respected by many fans all over the world.
Topic Sentence: One of my favourite football players is Lionel Messi.
Supporting Sentences: Messi is an Argentine professional footballer who currently plays for Paris Saint-Germain Football Club in France. He rose to fame as a player of Barcelona Football Club in Spain, where he spent most of his career. Messi is widely regarded as one of the greatest football players of all time. He has won numerous awards throughout his career, including seven Ballon d’Or awards given to the best player in the world. Messi is known for his incredible dribbling skills, agility, and accurate finishing ability. He is also a great team player who is able to set up goals for his teammates. Even though Messi has faced several challenges throughout his career, he has remained humble and dedicated to the sport.
Concluding Sentence: Messi is loved and respected by many fans worldwide.
10.2 The Popularity of Different Sports in The World
A. Fill in the crossword puzzle with the correct words from the text.
ACROSS
1. a person who works as a professional, especially in a sport ➡ athlete
4. existing for longer than people can remember; very old ➡ immemorial
6. possible to approach, enter, or use ➡ accessible
9. long and thin, often in a way that is unusual ➡ elongated
DOWN
2. a British game by two teams using a bat and ball ➡ cricket
3. connected with activities that people do for pleasure when they are not working ➡ recreational
5. a hit of the ball before it touches the ground ➡ volley
7. a large pile of earth or stones; a small hill ➡ mound
8. showing or feeling respect and slight fear ➡ awe
B. Write the names of the sports shown in the pictures below.
B. Choose the correct alternative and answer the questions.
a. Which two games are popular in the world for their cheap equipment?
iii. basketball and volleyball
b. In which countries is cricket particularly popular?
i. Canada, America and Africa
ii. UK, American and Australia
iii. India, Pakistan and Australia
c. Whatis the significant difference between regular volleyball and beach volleyball?
i. the number of teams
ii. the number of players
iii. the size of the playground
d. Which of the following games involve the use of a ball and bat?
iii. hockey and cricket
e. Which country is supposed to have named ‘golf’?
i. Scotland
ii. England
iii. the Netherlands
f. Which of the following games have their varieties in terms of the places they are played?
iii. football and cricket
C. Answer these questions in short.
a. Mention any two reasons behind the popularity of sports in the world.
➡ Two reasons behind the popularity of sports in the world are: for health benefits and as a recreational activity.
b. What does historical evidence say about the origin of football?
➡ Historical evidences suggest that the origin of football can be traced back to similar games played in China as far back as two thousand years ago, but the modern form of football as we know it originated in England in the 19th century.
c. What is the main difference between cricket and baseball?
➡ The main difference between cricket and baseball is that cricket is played on an elongated rectangular pitch with a bowler throwing the ball to a batsman, while in baseball, a pitcher throws the ball overhand to a batter at home plate on a diamond-shaped field.
d. How is regular volleyball played?
➡ In regular volleyball, two teams of six players each play on opposite sides of a raised net, with each team trying to volley the ball onto the ground of the opposing team’s side to score points.
e. Who originated basketball and when?
➡ Basketball was originated by James Naismith, a Canadian teaching at a school in the US, in the late 19th century.
f. What risk is involved in rugby?
➡ Rugby is a contact sport involving a lot of tackling, similar to American football. However, unlike American football, rugby players wear very little protection, which puts them at risk of serious injury.
D. Rank the games mentioned in the text above in the order of your preferences.
Grammar ll
A. Complete the text below with the correct alternative from the brackets.
A man who…….(wanted, is wanted, was wanted) tovbuy an ass went to market. Coming across a likely-looking beast, he iin (was arranged, arranged, had been arranged) with the owner that he should…….(allowed, be allowed, was allowing) to take him home on trial to see what the beast was like. When the man ……(reached, was reached, will be reached) home, he put the beast into his stable along with the other asses. The newcomer looked around, and immediately went and chose a place next to the laziest and greediest beast in the stable. When the master …..(saw, was seen , had been seen) this, he put a halter on him at once, and ………(led, was lead, was leading) him off and ………… (handed, was handed, will be handed) him over to his owner. The latter…….(surprised, was surprising, was surprised) to see him back so soon. He inquired, “Why, do you mean to say………. (have tested, have been tested, was tested) him already?” “I don’t want to put him through any more tests,” replied the other. “I…………..(could see, could be seen, could have seen) what sort of beast, he is from the companion he chose for himself.”
Answer
A man who wanted to buy an ass went to market. Coming across a likely-looking beast, he arranged with the owner that he should be allowed to take him home on trial to see what the beast was like. When the man reached home, he put the beast into his stable along with the other asses. The newcomer looked around, and immediately went and chose a place next to the laziest and greediest beast in the stable. When the master saw this, he put a halter on him at once, and led him off and handed him over to his owner. The latter was surprised to see him back so soon. He inquired, “Why, do you mean to say he was tested already?” “I don’t want to put him through any more tests,” replied the other. “I could see what sort of beast he is from the companion he chose for himself.”
B. Complete the sentences below with the correct alternative from the brackets.
a. People always ……….. (are admired, admire, are being admired) this picture.
b. His leg was hurt in the accident’. This is to say: He ………..(hurts his leg, is hurt his leg, hurt his leg) in the accident.
c.Some people dress their children very badly. The passive form of the sentence is : (Their children are very badly dressed, Their children dress very badly, There are very badly dressed)
d. Two of my dinner plates have been broken. That means…….. (someone broke two of my dinner plates, two of my dinner plates have broken. someone has broken two of my dinner plates)
e. They will forget this story in few years, This story ………..(will forget, will be forgotten, will have been forgotten) in few years.
f. You must answer all the questions. All the questions………..(must be answered, must answer, must answered).
g. The packet of biscuits has been eaten by the boys, This is to say……..ons the packet of biscuits, (the boys ate, the boys have eaten, the boys had eaten)
h. The bridge was built last year. The active voice of the statement is ……….oceenne. (the bridge built last year, people built the bridge last year, the people have built the bridge last year)
i. The field is being ploughed by the farmers. The farmers………coevnee (plough the field, are ploughing the field, will plough the field)
j. How is a tiger trapped? The active voice of the statement is:……………………….(How does a tiger trap, How are people trap a tiger, How do people trap a tiger)
k. “The teacher will help us.” This statement has a passive voice as …………….. (we will be helped, the teacher will be helped, we will help the teacher)
l. ‘The tiger should be preserved’ is the passive voice of…………….. (the tiger should preserve, we should preserve the tiger, people should be preserved)
m. The bird has built a nest. It means ……….cccove (a nest has built, a nest has heen build, a nest has been built) by the bird.
Answer Key
a. People always admire this picture.
b. His leg was hurt in the accident’. This is to say: He hurt his leg in the accident.
c. Their children are very badly dressed.
d. Someone has broken two of my dinner plates.
e. This story will be forgotten in few years.
f. All the questions must be answered.
g. The boys have eaten the packet of biscuits.
h. People built the bridge last year.
i. The farmers are ploughing the field.
j. How do people trap a tiger?
k. We will be helped by the teacher.
l. We should preserve the tiger.
m. A nest has been built by the bird.
C. Change the sentences below into passive voice.
a. People could hear the noise of explosion from a distance,
b. We ought to break down the building before it collapses.
c. Has he translated the book in any other language?
d. Ilike people driving me to my home.
e. Can anybody solve this problem?
f. We had to book the ticket in advance because of the festive season.
g. Who might have stolen your bicycle?
h. I didn’t notice that you were recording the class.
I. Does he always sing songs in the party?
j. She will draw the painting beautifully.
k. Let the mechanic repair my bike.
l. People believe that the Mahabharata was fought in the 10th century BCE.
m. What are you instructing them now?
Writing Il
Write a dialogue between you and your friend about the upcoming Sports Day/ Week in your school. Include the following points in your dialogue.
Me: Hey, have you heard about the upcoming sports day/week in our school?
Friend: No, I haven’t. When is it happening?
Me: It’s going to be held next month on the 15th and 16th at our school’s sports ground. The event will start at 9 am.
Friend: That sounds exciting. What types of events are going to be there?
Me: There will be various events like running, long jump, high jump, shot put, and relay race. The students can participate in any of these events depending on their interests.
Friend: That’s great. Who all can participate in these events?
Me: All the students from different grades can participate in the events. We can form teams for the relay race as well.
Friend: Sounds like a lot of fun. Will there be any prizes for the winners?
Me: Yes, the winners will be awarded medals and certificates. There will also be a prize distribution ceremony on the last day of the sports week.
Friend: Wow, that sounds exciting. I can’t wait for the sports week to begin.
Me: Yes, me too. We should start practising from now onwards to give our best shot in the events.
Friend: Definitely, let’s start practising together from tomorrow.
Project work
Find information about a sport that you like the most. Then prepare a pamphlet about it. Include pictures, drawings and illustrations in the pamphlet.
Discussion
Share a helpful question, idea, or explanation with other students.