Gadgets And Instruments | Unit 11 | English

Reading 1

Save your Smartphone

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

a. prolong- v. to make something last longer

b. essential- vii. extremely important

c. fading – i. being less bright

d. generate- ii. to produce

e. gunk- iii. any sticky or dirty substance

f. render- iv. to cause something to be in a particular condition

g. notification- vi. notices

B. Write True for true statements and False for false ones.

It’s a good idea to keep our phones fully charged. ⇒ False

We should keep our phones together with other gadgets. ⇒ True

A phone is likely to hold more bacteria than a toilet seat. ⇒ True

Setting a screen lock on the phone helps us keep the information safe. ⇒ True

Smartphones are very useful even without apps. ⇒ False

C. Answer the following questions.

a. Write any three uses of smartphones in everyday life.

The Three uses of smartphones are as follows:

– staying connected with family and friends

– staying up to date with important schedules

– buying groceries or clothes online.

b. Why should we care for our phones?

We should care for our phones to prolong their lifespan and also to safeguard important information that’s stored there.

c. Why should we not use cheap chargers to charge our phones?

We should not use cheap chargers to charge our phones because cheap chargers can catch fire.

d. How can we prevent our phones from getting overheated?

We can prevent our phones from getting overheated by avoiding placing them next to other gadgets which produce heat.

e. How can the phone be cleaned?

The phone can be cleaned by disinfecting it with an antimicrobial spray and wiping it with a soft cloth.

Grammar I

A. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. Use the given sentence starters.

“He works in a bank.”

⇒ She said that he worked in a bank.

“We went out last night.”

⇒ She told me that they had gone out the previous night.

“I’m coming!”

⇒ She said that she was coming.

“I was waiting for the bus when he arrived.”

⇒ She told me that she had been waiting for the bus when he had arrived.

“I’d never been there before.”

⇒ She said that she’d never been being there before.

“I didn’t go to the party.”

⇒ She told me that she hadn’t gone to the party.

He said to me, “Help him to do his homework.”

⇒ He asked me to help him to do his homework.

The doctor said to the patient, “Take bed rest for a week.”

⇒ The doctor advised the patient to take bed rest for a week.

The commander said to his soldiers, “March further.”

⇒ The commander ordered his soldiers to march further.

Writing I

A. Prepare a recipe to cook your favourite dish at home.

Cooking Recipe for Vegetable Momo

Momos are dumplings filled with a delicious vegetable filling and steamed to perfection. Let’s get started!

Ingredients:

For the dough:

• 2 cups all-purpose flour
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
• Water, as needed

For the filling:

• 2 cups finely chopped mixed vegetables (carrots, cabbage, bell peppers, etc.)
• 1 small onion, finely chopped
• 2 cloves of garlic, minced
• 1-inch piece of ginger, grated
• 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
• 1 teaspoon soy sauce
• 1 teaspoon vinegar
• 1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper
• Salt to taste
• Fresh cilantro (coriander), chopped (for garnish)

For the dipping sauce:

• 1/4 cup soy sauce
• 2 tablespoons vinegar
• 1 tablespoon chili garlic sauce (or to taste)

Instructions:

1. In a large mixing bowl, combine the all-purpose flour and salt. Gradually add water and knead to form a smooth dough. Cover it with a damp cloth and let it rest for about 30 minutes.
2. In the meantime, let’s prepare the filling. Heat oil in a pan over medium heat. Add minced garlic and grated ginger, and sauté for a minute until fragrant.
3. Add the chopped onions and cook until they turn translucent. Then, add the mixed vegetables and stir-fry for about 3-4 minutes until they are slightly cooked but still retain their crunch.
4. Add soy sauce, vinegar, ground black pepper, and salt to the vegetable mixture. Mix well and cook for another 2 minutes. Remove from heat and let the filling cool down.
5. Now, let’s shape the momos. Divide the dough into small portions and roll each portion into a thin, circular shape. You can use a rolling pin to achieve this. Make sure the edges are thinner than the center of the circle.
6. Take a portion of the rolled dough and place a spoonful of the vegetable filling in the center. Fold the dough in half to form a crescent shape, and then pinch and pleat the edges to seal the momo. Repeat this process for the remaining dough and filling.
7. Prepare a steamer by filling a pot with water and placing a steamer basket or a greased steamer rack on top. Make sure the water doesn’t touch the bottom of the steamer basket.
8. Arrange the momos in the steamer, leaving some space between each to prevent sticking. Steam them over medium heat for about 10-12 minutes or until the momos are cooked through and the dough becomes slightly translucent.
9. While the momos are steaming, let’s prepare the dipping sauce. In a small bowl, mix soy sauce, vinegar, and chili garlic sauce until well combined.
10. Once the momos are cooked, remove them from the steamer and garnish with fresh chopped cilantro.
11. Serve the Vegetable Momos hot with the dipping sauce on the side. Enjoy their delicious flavors!

These vegetable momos make a great appetizer or snack. You can also customize the filling by adding or substituting other vegetables and seasonings to your taste. Enjoy cooking and savoring this delightful dish!

Reading 2

Weather Instruments

A. Complete these sentences with the appropriate words from the text above.

a. Most of the FM stations broadcast the news at 7:00.

b. The function of a thermometer is to convert the change of temperature into numerical numbers.

c. The Earth is wrapped by the atmosphere.

d. The amount of water in the air is called humidity

e. The wind vane is also known as a weathercock

B. Choose the correct answer.

a. How did people get the weather information until the 18th century?

i. with weather instruments

ii. through their physical senses √

iii. through their intuitions

b. Which one of the following barometers is the latest one?

i. digital √

ii. mercury

iii. aneroid

c. What does a barometer measure?

i. atmospheric temperature

ii. atmospheric humidity

iii. atmospheric pressure √

d. Which of the following devices is NOT used to get weather information?

i. thermometer

ii. galvanometer

iii. anemometer √

e. Which of the following devices is used to measure the speed of the wind?

i. wind wave

ii. anemometer √

iii. hygrometer

C. Answer the following questions.

a. Where is an alcohol-filled thermometer mostly used?

⇒ An alcohol-filled thermometer is mostly used in that places where the temperature is under-35.

b. What is a barometer used for?

⇒ A barometer is used for measuring the atmospheric pressure.

c. What are the two kinds of hygrometers?

⇒ The two kinds of hygrometers are dry and wet bulb hygrometers and a mechanical hygrometer.

d. Give two examples of how an anemometer gives information about the weather.

⇒ If the speed of the wind is high, it indicates a storm. With the help of the anemometer, we can determine the speed of the wind which helps us to protect ourselves from many natural disasters.

e. Name the device that is used to measure the changes in weather conditions.

⇒ A wind vane is used to measure the changes in weather conditions.

f. What precautions should be taken while using a rain gauge?

⇒ The rain gauge must be placed in an open place without any obstacles.

Grammar II

A. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

He said, “Don’t use my camera.”

⇒ He told me not to use his camera.

The doctor said, “Give up smoking.”

⇒ The doctor told him to give up smoking.

“Don’t touch the wire.” The electrician said to me.

⇒ The electrician told me not to touch the wire.

“Could you explain number four, please?” said the student.

⇒ The student requested the teacher to explain number four.

“Don’t worry about it, Mrs. Shrestha.” She said.

⇒ She told Mrs. Shrestha not to worry about it.

“Finish this job in an hour.” He said.

⇒ He told me to finish that job in an hour.

Amrita said to me, “Please help me.”

⇒ Amrita requested me to help her.

B. Complete the following sentences with the correct alternatives from the brackets.

Anju said that she…………….(had seen/has seen/was seen) the accident the day before.

⇒ had seen

She says that ……………(she could not stay there anymore/I can’t stay there anymore/she can’t stay there anymore)

⇒ she can’t stay there anymore.

The teacher told us that……………….(the Earth revolves round the Sun/the Earth revolved round the Sun/the Earth revolve round the Sun)

⇒ the Earth revolves round the Sun.

Pramesh said that………………(he had done his homework/I have done my homework/he has done his homework)

⇒ he had done his homework

The policeman ………………(requested/told/ordered) the thief not to move.

⇒ ordered

My father forbade me ……………… (to spend/do not spend/not to spend) so much money.

⇒ to spend

The head teacher forbade the students’ parents ………………(not to smoke/to not smoke/to smoke) on the school premises.

⇒ to smoke

Writing II

Write a newspaper article expressing your views on the impact of science and technology.

The Transformative Power of Science and Technology: Shaping Our Future

From breakthrough innovations to societal advancements, science and technology revolutionize the world.

Date: June 28, 2023

Byline: SkulTech

Science and technology have undoubtedly become the driving forces behind human progress and have profoundly shaped our world. With each passing day, new innovations and discoveries push the boundaries of what we once thought was possible, revolutionizing industries, transforming societies, and redefining the way we live our lives.

The impact of science and technology can be seen in various spheres, from healthcare to communication, transportation to agriculture, and beyond. The advancements in medical science, for instance, have extended human lifespans, eradicated diseases, and improved the quality of life for countless individuals. Treatments that were once unimaginable are now saving lives, thanks to breakthroughs in genetic research, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.

Moreover, technology has redefined the way we communicate and connect with one another. The rise of the internet, social media, and mobile devices has bridged geographical gaps and transformed the way we share information, conduct business, and maintain relationships. It has opened up new avenues for collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and cultural exchange, fostering a global community like never before.

In the realm of transportation, science and technology have revolutionized the way we move. Electric vehicles are becoming more prevalent, reducing carbon emissions and contributing to a greener future. The development of autonomous vehicles holds the promise of safer roads and increased accessibility for those who are unable to drive. The exploration of space, driven by scientific curiosity and technological advancements, has expanded our understanding of the universe and opened up new possibilities for space tourism and extraterrestrial exploration.

Agriculture, too, has greatly benefited from science and technology. Innovations such as genetically modified crops, precision agriculture, and advanced irrigation techniques have increased crop yields, improved food security, and reduced environmental impact. As the world’s population continues to grow, these advancements are crucial in ensuring sustainable and efficient food production.

However, it is important to acknowledge that science and technology also present challenges and ethical considerations. Issues such as data privacy, artificial intelligence, and the impact of automation on jobs require careful deliberation and responsible governance. As we embrace technological advancements, it is imperative to strike a balance between innovation and ensuring that the benefits are accessible to all, while minimizing potential risks and negative consequences.

In conclusion, the impact of science and technology on our society cannot be overstated. From enhancing healthcare and transforming communication to revolutionizing transportation and revolutionizing agriculture, the progress we have witnessed is awe-inspiring. Science and technology continue to shape our future, offering immense potential for solving global challenges, improving lives, and fostering a more connected and sustainable world. It is crucial that we embrace these advancements responsibly, ensuring they serve the betterment of humanity as a whole.