Ways with Words
A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings.
a. A personal or corporate website
Answer: Blog
b. A job requiring expertise in a particular field
Answer: Profession
c. A feeling of sadness
Answer: Disappointment
d. Put under custody
Answer: Detained
e. Found guilty
Answer: Convicted
f. Breaking or disregarding rules or a system
Answer: Violating
g. Advantages and disadvantages
Answer: Pros and cons
h. A non-statutory monetary penalty
Answer: Amercement
B. Use the following prepositional verbs in sentences of your own.
1. Apologise to
She apologised to all the patients she had kept waiting.
2. Adapt to
It was difficult for Jim to adapt to the new environment.
3. Devote to
They devote an hour every day to worship.
4. Refer to
Her mother never referred to him again.
5. Reply to
The company replied to the recent protests by publishing a notice in the local newspaper.
6. Admire for
I admire her for her dedication to the job.
7. Apply for
Only genuine refugees can apply for asylum.
8. Pray for
We prayed for the speedy recovery of the injured passengers.
9. Scold for
The teacher scolded him for arriving late.
10. Vote for
All the members of parliament voted for the new law.
11. Aim at
The programme aims at improving the quality of education.
12. Arrive at
We arrived at the airport at nine o’clock.
13. Glance at
She glanced at her watch before leaving the room.
14. Look at
He turned around and looked at her.
15. Bring up
She is struggling to bring up her children alone.
16. Agree on
We finally agreed on the date of the meeting.
17. Comment on
She refused to comment on their decision.
18. Concentrate on
Students should concentrate on their studies.
19. Rely on
The villagers rely on a well for their drinking water.
20. Count on
I was counting on the insurance money to buy a new house.
21. Grow up
It is a wonderful place for children to grow up.
22. Escape from
He made a daring escape from his kidnappers.
23. Recover from
We prayed that she would recover from her illness.
24. Resign from
He was forced to resign from the board.
25. Suffer from
Many children suffer from separation from their parents.
26. Separate from
South America separated from Africa millions of years ago.
27. Worry about
She always worries about her son’s health.
28. Argue about
My two elder sisters always argue about politics.
29. Boast about
She is always boasting about her expensive car.
30. Dream about
I dreamed about my childhood home last night.
31. Acquaint with
Travelling acquaints us with new people and customs.
32. Agree with
I completely agree with your opinion.
33. Charge with
The police charged him with theft.
34. Trust with
My parents trust me with important responsibilities.
35. Confuse with
People often confuse me with my twin brother.
36. Believe in
I believe in working hard to achieve success.
37. Involve in
The programme involves students in different social activities.
38. Succeed in
He wants to succeed in everything he does.
39. Specialise in
The company specialises in catering for large parties.
40. Absorb in
She was completely absorbed in reading the novel.
Comprehension
A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases from the text.
a. People are using social media for individual as well as __________.
Answer: Marketing purposes
b. Social media is not only a platform for sharing views but also a platform for __________.
Answer: Marketing strategies
c. The hospital wanted Prita to pay __________ for immaterial losses.
Answer: Rp 100 million
d. Some singers organised __________ to help Prita.
Answer: Concerts
e. The campaign to help Prita was able to collect __________.
Answer: Rp 825 million
B. Answer the following questions.
a. How do you define social media?
Answer:
Social media is a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts, information, photographs, and videos through virtual networks and online communities.
b. How has social media become an integral part of modern life?
Answer:
Social media has become an integral part of modern life because it enables people to communicate, exchange information, share ideas, and maintain relationships regardless of distance. People can communicate instantly with anyone in different parts of the world.
c. Why do people use Facebook and YouTube?
Answer:
People use Facebook to communicate, exchange news, share photographs, and post written content. They use YouTube mainly to watch, upload, and share videos.
d. What is a blog? How can it be beneficial to us?
Answer:
A blog is a regularly updated website or web page, usually managed by an individual or a small group and written in an informal or conversational style.
A blog can help us improve our writing skills, share our ideas, connect with other people, learn new things, promote products or services, and communicate information to a large audience.
e. Was Prita’s intention bad when she sent a message to her friends?
Answer:
No, Prita’s intention was not bad. She sent the message only to inform her friends about her unpleasant experience and to advise them to be careful while accepting such services.
f. How did Prita’s message become a serious problem?
Answer:
Prita’s message became a serious problem when one of her friends shared it on a public website called the People’s Forum. The message then spread widely and reached the hospital authorities.
g. Why was she convicted by the court?
Answer:
She was convicted by the court for allegedly violating the law related to the use of Information and Communication Technology.
h. What was the purpose of the campaign “Bantu Bebaskan Prita”?
Answer:
The purpose of the “Bantu Bebaskan Prita” campaign was to collect money to help Prita pay the monetary penalty imposed on her and to express public support for her.
i. How are people stronger than social media?
Answer:
People are stronger than social media because social media is only a tool controlled by human beings. People can think critically, make decisions, verify information, and choose whether to share something online. Therefore, people should think carefully before speaking, writing, or posting anything.
Critical Thinking
a. Does social media have a positive impact on society? Discuss.
Answer:
Social media has become extremely popular because of its accessibility and user-friendly features. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and X allow people to communicate and remain connected across great distances. Social media can have many positive effects on individuals and society when it is used responsibly.
One of its greatest advantages is its contribution to education. Students can access educational videos, online classes, digital books, research materials, and information on almost any subject. Teachers and students can also communicate and share learning resources through online platforms.
Social media is also an important source of news and information. People can quickly learn about national and international events. It increases social awareness by informing users about issues such as climate change, health, education, human rights, and natural disasters.
Another important advantage is that social media strengthens relationships. Distance is no longer a major barrier because people can easily communicate with friends and relatives living abroad. Video calls, messages, and online groups help people remain connected.
Social media also provides a platform for talented young people to display their skills. Artists, writers, musicians, photographers, and entrepreneurs can present their work to a large audience without spending much money. It can also provide employment opportunities and help businesses promote their products and services.
However, social media must be used carefully. Misinformation, cyberbullying, privacy violations, addiction, and online fraud can create serious problems. Therefore, social media has a positive impact on society only when people use it wisely, ethically, and responsibly.
b. How do you compare virtual communication and face-to-face communication?
Answer:
Communication can take place through both face-to-face and virtual methods. Each form has its own advantages and limitations.
Face-to-face communication is a traditional method in which people communicate while physically present in the same place. It allows participants to observe facial expressions, gestures, body language, tone of voice, and emotional reactions. These non-verbal signals make communication clearer and reduce misunderstandings.
Face-to-face communication is especially useful for serious discussions, interviews, meetings, counselling, teaching, and personal conversations. It helps build trust and creates stronger emotional connections. However, it requires people to be present at the same place and time.
Virtual communication takes place through digital devices and the internet. It includes emails, text messages, social media, video conferences, and online chat applications. It enables people to communicate instantly from different locations and is often faster, more convenient, and less expensive.
Virtual communication is particularly useful for international business, distance education, remote work, and communication with friends and relatives living far away. However, it may lack emotional depth because participants cannot always observe body language and facial expressions clearly. Technical problems and misunderstandings may also occur.
Therefore, face-to-face communication is generally more personal and emotionally effective, while virtual communication is more convenient and suitable for communicating across long distances.
Writing
b. What is cyberbullying? What are its effects? How can it be stopped?
Answer:
Cyberbullying is the use of electronic communication to bully, threaten, embarrass, or harass another person. It commonly occurs through social media, text messages, emails, online games, websites, and messaging applications.
Cyberbullying may include spreading rumours, sending threatening messages, posting insulting comments, sharing someone’s private information or photographs without permission, creating fake accounts, and repeatedly humiliating someone online. Children, teenagers, and adults can all become victims of cyberbullying.
Cyberbullying can have serious emotional, psychological, social, and physical effects. Victims may feel unsafe even in their own homes because online harassment can reach them at any time. They may experience fear, anxiety, sadness, depression, anger, loneliness, and loss of confidence.
Cyberbullying may also cause poor academic performance, social isolation, low self-esteem, sleeping problems, and an unwillingness to attend school. In severe cases, victims may develop suicidal thoughts or harm themselves.
Preventing cyberbullying requires cooperation among children, parents, teachers, schools, technology companies, and law-enforcement agencies. Children should be educated about responsible internet use from an early age. They should avoid sharing private information and should never respond aggressively to online bullies.
Parents should monitor their children’s online activities while respecting their privacy. Schools should establish clear rules against cyberbullying and create safe systems for reporting it. Victims should save evidence, block the bully, report the account, and inform a trusted adult immediately.
Most importantly, cyberbullying should be reported without delay. Awareness, digital literacy, responsible online behaviour, and proper legal action can help prevent further incidents.
Grammar
B. Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions of direction: to, toward, onto, or into.
a. Prem drove Milan __________ the airport.
Answer: to
Complete sentence: Prem drove Milan to the airport.
b. The plane landed __________ the runway.
Answer: onto
Complete sentence: The plane landed onto the runway.
c. The children climbed __________ the monkey bars.
Answer: onto
Complete sentence: The children climbed onto the monkey bars.
d. Manish and Richa moved the table __________ the dining room.
Answer: into
Complete sentence: Manish and Richa moved the table into the dining room.
e. Ganesh almost fell __________ the river.
Answer: into
Complete sentence: Ganesh almost fell into the river.
f. Lalit and Sarita took the bus that was heading __________ the university.
Answer: toward
Complete sentence: Lalit and Sarita took the bus that was heading toward the university.
C. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions from the brackets.
a. While we were hiking __________ the forest, we saw a mountain lion.
(across/through/along/under)
Answer: through
Complete sentence: While we were hiking through the forest, we saw a mountain lion.
b. The leopards walked in a circle __________ the baby giraffe before they attacked.
(into/towards/round/through)
Answer: round
Complete sentence: The leopards walked in a circle round the baby giraffe before they attacked.
c. Go __________ the building and turn left.
(into/up/off/out of)
Answer: out of
Complete sentence: Go out of the building and turn left.
d. She ran __________ home when she was eighteen.
(towards/away from/down/across)
Answer: away from
Complete sentence: She ran away from home when she was eighteen.
e. Raindrops ran __________ the windscreen, making it difficult to see the road.
(into/up/down/over)
Answer: down
Complete sentence: Raindrops ran down the windscreen, making it difficult to see the road.
f. Hemanta put the plate __________ the table and began to eat his dinner.
(onto/into/up/off)
Answer: onto
Complete sentence: Hemanta put the plate onto the table and began to eat his dinner.
g. The frightened deer disappeared __________ the forest.
(up/onto/into/toward)
Answer: into
Complete sentence: The frightened deer disappeared into the forest.
h. We were driving __________ the city centre when we had an accident.
(up/into/towards/along)
Answer: towards
Complete sentence: We were driving towards the city centre when we had an accident.
i. The smoke from the fire went __________ into the sky.
(into/up/to/onto)
Answer: up
Complete sentence: The smoke from the fire went up into the sky.
Discussion
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