Ways with Words

A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings.

a. Making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, or use

Answer: Comfortable

b. Having completed a degree from a university

Answer: Graduated

c. Without being connected with or influenced by something or someone else

Answer: Independently

d. The introduction of new ideas, methods, or ways of doing something

Answer: Innovation

e. Familiar with something because you have read, seen, or experienced it

Answer: Acquainted

f. A person who starts or runs a business, especially by taking financial risks

Answer: Entrepreneur

g. An opportunity or place for someone to express opinions publicly or make progress in a particular field

Answer: Platform

h. To use something, especially for a practical purpose

Answer: Utilise

B. Write the plural forms of the following nouns.

Comprehension

Answer the following questions.

a. How did Mahabir Pun begin his lifelong journey in Nepal after returning from the United States?

Answer:

After returning from the United States, Mahabir Pun stayed in his home village, Nangi, in Myagdi district. He began his lifelong journey by helping the villagers establish a high school and working there as a volunteer teacher.

b. Why did he not want to work for other companies in the United States or Nepal?

Answer:

He did not want to work for other companies merely to achieve a so-called better standard of living. He wanted to work independently and do something meaningful for the benefit of people and society.

c. Why did he become involved in innovation?

Answer:

He became involved in innovation because he wanted to find practical solutions to the problems faced by people in rural communities.

d. What income-generating programmes did he help to start?

Answer:

He helped to start several income-generating programmes, including:

1. Yak farming
2. Camping grounds for trekkers
3. Cheese production
4. Jam production
5. Paper making
6. Beekeeping
7. Vegetable farming
8. Handicraft production
9. Fish farming

e. Whose support is Pun receiving to continue his campaign?

Answer:

Pun is receiving support from local communities and individuals who believe in his campaign for research, innovation, and national development.

f. How have developed countries become prosperous?

Answer:

Developed countries have become prosperous because they give high priority to research and innovation. They invest large amounts of money, time, and resources in science, technology, education, and creative development.

g. How can Nepal retain its most talented and innovative people?

Answer:

Nepal can retain talented and innovative people by creating a supportive environment in which they can work peacefully and productively.

The country should provide research facilities, financial support, employment opportunities, recognition, modern technology, and a strong institutional system for innovation.

Critical Thinking

a. Pun says, “We do not have a culture of innovation that encourages young people to be innovative and creative.” Do you agree? Explain.

Answer:

Yes, I agree with Mahabir Pun’s statement that Nepal lacks a strong culture of innovation that encourages young people to become creative and inventive.

A culture of innovation is an environment in which new ideas, experiments, research, and creative thinking are supported. It allows people to take risks, solve problems, and develop useful products or services.

Nepal is still a developing country, and the pace of development remains slow. One major reason is that our education system continues to focus heavily on textbooks, examinations, memorisation, and classroom learning.

Students are often encouraged to reproduce information rather than ask questions, conduct research, or create something new. Schools and universities provide limited opportunities for practical learning, scientific experiments, entrepreneurship, and innovation.

Young people with creative ideas often lack financial support, laboratories, technical guidance, and proper platforms. Society may also discourage them from taking risks because failure is often viewed negatively.

As a result, many talented students leave Nepal in search of better education, research facilities, employment, and professional opportunities abroad.

Developed countries give high priority to research and innovation. They invest heavily in universities, laboratories, start-ups, and technology. They also reward creativity and accept failure as part of learning.

Nepal should therefore reform its education system, support young innovators, provide research funding, and establish innovation centres. A strong culture of innovation can create jobs, solve local problems, and accelerate national development.

b. What qualities does a person need to become an entrepreneur?

Answer:

An entrepreneur is a person who identifies opportunities, starts a business, takes financial risks, and creates goods or services. Becoming a successful entrepreneur requires more than having a creative idea.

The following qualities are important for an entrepreneur:

1. Creativity

An entrepreneur should be able to think differently and develop new products, services, or solutions.

2. Vision

A successful entrepreneur should have a clear idea of what they want to achieve in the future.

3. Risk-taking ability

Entrepreneurs must be willing to take calculated risks. However, they should study possible benefits and dangers before making decisions.

4. Self-confidence

They should believe in their ideas and abilities, even when others doubt them.

5. Perseverance

Entrepreneurs often face failure, criticism, and financial problems. They must continue working despite difficulties.

6. Discipline

A successful entrepreneur needs to work regularly, meet deadlines, and remain focused on long-term goals.

7. Time management

Entrepreneurs must use their time wisely and prioritise important tasks.

8. Financial management

They should understand budgeting, investment, profit, expenses, and cash flow.

9. Leadership

An entrepreneur should be able to guide employees, build teams, and inspire others.

10. Communication skills

Good communication is necessary for dealing with customers, employees, investors, and business partners.

11. Adaptability

Markets and technologies change constantly. Entrepreneurs must be able to adjust their plans and learn new skills.

12. Problem-solving ability

They should identify problems and find practical solutions quickly.

Therefore, creativity, discipline, courage, planning, perseverance, and leadership are essential qualities for becoming a successful entrepreneur.

Grammar

E. Use the correct tense of the verbs given in brackets.

a. I do not know where Muna is. __________ her?

(you/see)

Answer: Have you seen

Complete sentence:
I do not know where Muna is. Have you seen her?

b. Janak __________ very well last week.

(not/be)

Answer: Was not

Complete sentence:
Janak was not very well last week.

c. Last night, I __________ my keys, so I stayed at my friend’s house.

(lose)

Answer: Lost

Complete sentence:
Last night, I lost my keys, so I stayed at my friend’s house.

d. I __________ my keys. Can you help me look for them?

(lose)

Answer: Have lost

Complete sentence:
I have lost my keys. Can you help me look for them?

e. I __________ Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month.

(know)

Answer: Have known

Complete sentence:
I have known Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month.

f. She __________ in Sikkim when she was a child.

(live)

Answer: Lived

Complete sentence:
She lived in Sikkim when she was a child.

g.

A: What is wrong?
B: I __________ a glass.
(break)

Answer: Have broken

Complete sentence:
I have broken a glass.

h.

A: When __________?
(you/arrive)

B: At 10 p.m. last night.

Answer: Did you arrive

Complete sentence:
When did you arrive?

i. How long __________ Sarmila?

(you/know)

Answer: Have you known

Complete sentence:
How long have you known Sarmila?

j. This is the first time I __________ a car.

(drive)

Answer: Have driven

Complete sentence:
This is the first time I have driven a car.

F. Use been or gone.

a. I have never __________ to Japan.

Answer: Been

Complete sentence:
I have never been to Japan.

b. Kalpana has __________ to Korea. She may return next year.

Answer: Gone

Complete sentence:
Kalpana has gone to Korea. She may return next year.

c.

A: Where is Rachana?
B: She has __________ to the shops.

Answer: Gone

Complete sentence:
She has gone to the shops.

d. Harina was here earlier, but I think she has __________ now.

Answer: Gone

Complete sentence:
Harina was here earlier, but I think she has gone now.

e. Have you ever __________ to London?

Answer: Been

Complete sentence:
Have you ever been to London?