Unit 16

Why I Became a Vegan

 

1. Meanings of the words in context:

 

1. cheered i. to encourage somebody or to give them hope or comfort

 

1. to shout loudly to show support or praise for somebody b. consistently i. in a way that has different parts that all agree with each other
2. always the same

 

 

1. eliminating

 

 

1. stopping to consider that somebody might be responsible for something ii. removing or getting rid of something

 

 

 

1. dairy

 

 

1. milk, cheese and other milk products

 

 

1. a place on a farm where milk is kept and where butter and cheese are made e. incorporate i. to create a legally recognized company
2. to include something so that it forms a part of something

 

Answer

 

1. cheered – to encourage somebody or to give them hope or comfort; to shout loudly to show support or praise for somebody

 

1. consistently – always the same

 

1. eliminating – removing or getting rid of something

 

1. dairy – milk, cheese, and other milk products

 

1. incorporate – to include something so that it forms a part of something

 

1. Use the above words to fill in the gaps:

 

1. Despite our requests, the manager ………….. denied the changes we wanted to bring.

 

1. The plan for ………….. the risk of nuclear weapons is still lingering.

 

1. The audience clapped and ………….. loudly when she stood up to speak.

 

1. These designs ………….. the best features of our earlier models.

 

1. Many people find it difficult to digest milk and get a stomach ache if they eat ………….. products.

 

Answer

 

1. Despite our requests, the manager consistently denied the changes we wanted to bring.

 

1. The plan for eliminating the risk of nuclear weapons is still lingering.

 

1. The audience clapped and cheered loudly when she stood up to speak.

 

1. These designs incorporate the best features of our earlier models.

 

1. Many people find it difficult to digest milk and get a stomach ache if they eat dairy products.

 

 

 

1. Decide whether the given sentences are True or False.

 

1. The writer started gaining weight when she was at college.

 

1. She listened to only 30 podcasts that guided her to live a holistic life.

 

1. She became vegan because she did not like non-veg food.

 

1. Cutting off her diet was an easy task for the writer.

 

1. According to the writer, there is food outside of animals from which she can get proteins.

 

Answer

 

1. The writer started gaining weight when she was at college. False

 

1. She listened to only 30 podcasts that guided her to live a holistic life. True c. She became vegan because she did not like non-veg food. False d. Cutting off her diet was an easy task for the writer. True

 

1. According to the writer, there is food outside of animals from which she can get proteins. False

 

1. Answering the questions:

 

1. Who are vegans?

 

1. When did the writer start gaining the weight?

 

1. Who first started to become vegan in the writer’s family? d. Mention the reason for which the writer became a vegan. e. What was the impact of Whole30 on the writer?

 

1. Do you think all the nutrients needed for our body can be achieved from non-veg food? How?

 

Answer

 

1. Vegans are individuals who do not eat products that have come from an animal.

 

1. The writer started gaining weight after post-college.

 

1. The writer’s aunt and uncle first started to become vegan in the writer’s family.

 

1. The writer became a vegan to improve his health and well being.

 

1. The impact of whole 30 on the writer was that his body does not have problems.

 

1. No, all essential nutrients needed for our body cannot be achieved from a non-vegan diet because we can not get different nutrients from animal product.

 

1. Has any incident caused you to adopt or avoid eating a particular food item? Discuss.

 

Answer

 

I have personal experiences or incidents that influence my preferences or behaviors, including food choices. While non-vegetarian food can offer many essential nutrients, it may not incorporate all the nutrients needed for the finest health. Non-vegetarian sources such as meat, poultry, and fish are rich in high-quality proteins, vitamins, minerals and so on. These nutrients play vital roles in supporting bodily functions, muscle growth, and maintaining healthy blood cells. Therefore, to confirm a well-rounded and balanced nutrient intake, it is important to incorporate a variety of both non-vegetarian and vegetarian foods into one’s diet.

 

Grammar I

 

1. Underline the verbs in the following sentences and identify their tenses. One example has been given.

 

Example: The incident changed my life completely. (simple past)

 

1. We had a cow at our home.

 

1. I felt as if I was taking away somebody else’s right.

 

1. By the time my mother came to me, I had already drunk all the milk.

 

1. My mother was serving food for my father when he started talking with me.

 

1. Perhaps, I was not prepared to share the real reason.

 

Answer

 

1. We had a cow at our home. (simple past)

 

1. I felt as if I was taking away somebody else’s right. (simple past + past continuous)

 

1. By the time my mother came to me, I had already drunk all the milk. (simple past + past perfect)

 

1. My mother was serving food for my father when he started talking with me. (past continuous+ simple past)

 

1. Perhaps, I was not prepared to share the real reason. (simple past (passive))

 

1. Answer these questions in complete sentences.

 

1. What did you eat yesterday evening?

 

1. What were you doing when the teacher came into the classroom this morning?

 

1. What had your mother cooked when you reached home yesterday?

 

1. What did you see as soon as you opened the door this morning?

 

1. Had the class already started when you reached school yesterday?

 

Answer

 

1. I ate pasta with vegetables yesterday evening.

 

1. I was reading a book when the teacher came into the classroom this morning.

 

1. My mother had cooked a delicious curry when I reached home yesterday.

 

1. As soon as I opened the door this morning, I saw a package delivered to me.

 

1. Yes, the class had already started when I reached school yesterday.

 

1. Completing the sentences with the correct form of the verbs:

 

1. The car ………. (hit) the tree while the driver was talking on the phone.

 

1. The bus……… (leave) the stop before I reached there.

 

1. A boy…….. (dig) the field when his father saw him.

 

1. When I woke up, the birds …………… (chirp).

 

1. I……………… (not/do) anything wrong, but my friend still shouted at me.

 

1. My father…….. (order) the food before I reached home.

 

1. The girl ………… (speak) quite fast. So, we didn’t understand her.

 

1. The customers ………… (order) the food at the counter before the waiter came to their table.

 

1. What ……. (you/do) when I called you yesterday evening?

 

Answer

 

1. The car hit the tree while the driver was talking on the phone.

 

1. The bus had left the stop before I reached there.

 

1. A boy was digging the field when his father saw him.

 

1. When I woke up, the birds were chirping.

 

1. I didn’t do anything wrong, but my friend still shouted at me.

 

1. My father had ordered the food before I reached home.

 

1. The girl was speaking quite fast, so we didn’t understand her.

 

1. The customers had ordered the food at the counter before the waiter came to their table.

 

1. What were you doing when I called you yesterday evening?

 

Writing I

 

1. Arrange the sentences in order to make a story.

 

1. Now he said, ‘Bad habits are like them. It is easy to pull them out when they are young but it is impossible to uproot them later’.

 

1. Once upon a time, a rich businessman asked a wise man to wean his son away from his bad habits.

 

1. And he had to struggle for it.

 

1. The man took his son to a garden and asked him to pull out a tiny plant.

 

1. This session changed the son’s life completely.

 

1. He grasped the trunk but it was impossible for him.

 

1. Later he asked him to uproot a slightly bigger plant.

 

1. Finally he asked him to uproot a guava tree.

 

1. The boy held the plant between his thumb and forefinger and pulled it out easily.

 

Answer

 

Once upon a time, a rich businessman asked a wise man to wean his son away from his bad habits. The wise man took the son to a garden and asked him to pull out a tiny plant. The boy held the plant between his thumb and forefinger and pulled it out easily. Later, the wise man asked the boy to uproot a slightly bigger plant. The boy grasped the trunk but it was impossible for him. The wise man then asked the boy to uproot a guava tree. The boy tried his best but he could not uproot the tree. The wise man then said to the boy, “Bad habits are like them. It is easy to pull them out when they are young but it is impossible to uproot them later.” This session changed the son’s life completely. He realized the importance of avoiding bad habits and he vowed to never let them get the better of him.

 

 

The History of Pens

 

1. Find the different types of pens mentioned in the text and write their details as mentioned in tl1e example below.

 

 

S.N.

Type of Pen

 

 

Time/Year

 

 

Inventor

 

 

 

When humans developed papyrus

 

 

Example

 

 

Reed Pen

 

 

Egyptians

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer:

 

S.N.
	Type of Pen	Time/Year	Inventor
		When humans developed papyrus
Example	Reed Pen		Egyptians
Example	Fountain Pen	Patented by Petrache Poenaru in	Petrache Poenaru
		1827
Example	Ballpoint Pen (Biro	Invented in 1943 by Laszló Bíró and	Laszló Bíró and
	Pen)	Gyorgy Bíró	Gyorgy Bíró

 

 

1. Match the following words with their correct meanings.

 

1. hollow i. strong and not easily dan1aged

 

1. discard ii. to obtain a right for an invention or a process

 

1. shaft iii. having a hole or empty space inside

 

1. sturdy iv. slow steady development of something

 

1. patent v. the long narrow part of an arrow, hammer, etc.

 

1. smudge vi. the coming of an important event, person, invention, etc. g. evolution vii. to get rid of something that you no longer want or need h. advent viii. to make a dirty mark on a surface

 

Answer

 

1. hollow – iii. having a hole or empty space inside

 

1. discard – vii. to get rid of something that you no longer want or need

 

1. shaft – v. the long narrow part of an arrow, hammer, etc.

 

1. sturdy – i. strong and not easily damaged

 

1. patent – ii. to obtain a right for an invention or a process

 

1. smudge – viii. to make a dirty mark on a surface

 

1. evolution – iv. the slow steady development of something

 

 

1. advent – vi. the coming of an important event, person, invention, etc.

 

1. Answer these questions.

 

1. How were the reed pens made?

 

1. What were the quill pens made of?

 

1. Mention the changes brought by quill pens in writing.

 

1. How were steel-point pens different from quill pens?

 

1. What were the variations of the fountain pen?

 

1. Who designed the ball pens for the first time?

 

1. Describe the features of biromes.

 

1. Do you think the use of pens will decline in the days to come? Why?

 

Answer:

 

1. Reed pens were made using hollow tubular marsh grass, especially bamboo as the body of the pen.

 

1. The quill pens were made of from bird feathers like swans, turkeys, and geese.

 

1. Quill pens brought changes by improving smoothness and speed.

 

1. Steel-point pens were cheaper and sturdier than quill pens.

 

1. Variations of the fountain pen like replaceable and refillable ink cartridges, and the use of plastic, metal, and wood.

 

1. Laszló Bíró, a Hungarian journalist, designed the first commercial ballpoint pen.

 

1. The ball pen was highly durable, more convenient, could write on multiple surfaces such as cardboard and wood, and even underwater and at high altitudes

 

1. Yes, the use of pens will decline in the days to come by using smartphones, tablets, and laptops, replacing traditional writing tools

 

1. Prepare a timeline illustrating the historical development of pens.

 

Answer:

 

Timeline of the Development of Pens

 

3000 BC: The first pens are invented in Egypt. These pens are made from reed and are used to write on papyrus.

 

1400 AD: Quill pens are invented in Europe.

 

These pens are made from the feathers of geese, swans, or turkeys.

 

1700 AD: Steel-point pens are invented. These pens are made of a single piece of metal and are stronger and more durable than quill pens.

 

1827 AD: The fountain pen is invented. This pen has an ink reservoir and does not need to be dipped in ink regularly.

 

 

1884 AD: The Waterman fountain pen is patented. This pen has a three-channel ink feed that ensures a smooth flow of ink.

 

1938 AD: The ballpoint pen is invented. This pen has a small ball at the tip that rolls ink onto the paper.

 

1945 AD: The first commercial ballpoint pens are sold.

 

1960s AD: The ballpoint pen becomes the most popular type of pen in the world.

 

2023 AD: Pens are still an important tool for many people but they are being increasingly replaced by technology.

 

Writing II

 

Write a couple of paragraphs about one of the historical events you know.

 

Answer:

 

Unification of Nepal

 

One significant historical event in Nepal is the unification of the country under the leadership of King Prithvi Narayan Shah in the 18th century. Before the unification, Nepal was divided into numerous small principalities, each ruled by its own king. Prithvi Narayan Shah, the king of the small country of Gorkha, had a vision of creating a unified and strong nation. In the mid-18th century, King Prithvi Narayan Shah embarked on a series of military campaigns to bring together the various independent states and territories under his rule. The unification process was marked by strategic alliances, diplomatic exercises, and military conquests. After facing numerous challenges and overcoming internal and external resistance, King Prithvi Narayan Shah successfully unified the disparate regions and countries, forming the modern nation of Nepal.

 

The unification of Nepal not only shaped its territorial boundaries but also laid the foundation for a unique cultural and political identity. King Prithvi Narayan Shah’s legacy as the architect of modern Nepal is celebrated, and his efforts are remembered as a crucial moment in the country’s history. The establishment of a unified Nepal set the stage for its subsequent development, shaping the nation’s character and influencing its path for centuries to come.